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I struggle with the attention a lot these days - especially for extended periods of time.

There is a funny exercise I used to do when I started the memory training. First use a ping pong ball, all white side. Close your eyes and recreate it and maintain it in your mind inner space. Keep it there as much as you can. Reaching 3-5 minutes is brutal. The end of this exercise is when you memorize the room where you are, and recreate it completely in your mind (I have many many books, imagine that). I heard of people that recreate whole rooms, apartments or houses, and even school buildings. The legend says that one once recreate it her whole city. and maintain it. The creation is easy, the maintainance is hard. Do not worry, after you graduate from ping pong ball you can use apple, oranges (I found the round shape helps me). Do it consistently and you build some crazy attention and focus given enough time.

This is interesting. I have always been fascinated by the idea of building a "memory palace" but I haven't the patience for it. Have you noticed the effects are lasting or does your memory regress without constant practice?

as you stop training, some percentage is lost, but not completely. randomly saying, if I got my skills up to 300%, 3 times better, after not training for a while they are going down to 200%, but still above what you got when you started. still, this is more a visualization and focus exercise more than a memory training.