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However, confusion in the Kazakh cockpit manifested as they miscommunicated their altitude status while failing to adhere to the altitude clearance. Over the next critical seconds, Flight 1907 began to descend below its assigned altitude, while the Saudi plane continued its ascent, unaware of the impending impact.
Compounding these issues was the lack of essential modern technological safeguards such as the Traffic Collision Avoidance System (TCAS), which could have warned the pilots of the impending collision and prompted immediate corrective action.