Part 2/7:
The thought experiment begins with Sleeping Beauty, a volunteer for a peculiar experiment. On a Sunday evening, she is placed under a deep sleep. A fair coin is flipped to determine her experience upon waking. If the coin lands heads (H), she is awakened once on Monday and then returned to slumber. However, if the coin lands tails (T), she is awakened on Monday and then returned to sleep, only to be awakened again on Tuesday. Crucially, each time she awakens, she forgets that she had previously been awake.
Upon waking, Sleeping Beauty is asked a single question: What do you believe is the probability that the coin came up heads?
The Diverging Opinions
When faced with this question, responses splinter into two primary schools of thought: the "Halfer" and the "Thirder" positions.