The images of Spain’s floods weren’t created by AI. The trouble is, people think they were
The rapid growth of ‘AI slop’ – content created by artificial tools – is starting to warp our perception of what is, or could be, real
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My eye was caught by a striking photograph in the most recent edition of Charles Arthur’s Substack newsletter Social Warming. It shows a narrow street in the aftermath of the “rain bomb” that devastated the region of Valencia in Spain. A year’s worth of rain fell in a single day, and in some towns more than 490 litres a square metre fell in eight hours. Water is very heavy, so if there’s a gradient it will flow downhill with the kind of force that can pick up a heavy SUV and toss it around like a toy. And if it channels down a narrow urban street, it will throw parked cars around like King Kong in a bad mood.
The photograph in Arthur’s article showed what had happened in a particular street. Taken with a telephoto lens from an upper storey of a building, it showed a chaotic and almost surreal scene: about 70 vehicles of all sizes jumbled up and scattered at crazy angles along the length of the street.
It was an astonishing image which really stopped me in my tracks. Not surprisingly, it also went viral on social media. And then came the reaction: “AI image, fake news.” The photograph was so vivid, so uncannily sharp and unreal, that it looked to viewers like something that they could have faked themselves using Midjourney or Dall-E or a host of other generative AI tools.
But it wasn’t fake, as Arthur established in a nice piece of detective work – tracking down a bar in the picture using Facebook, finding the street in Apple Maps and even “walking” down it using Street View. “It’s not obvious why these people thought that photo in particular wasn’t real”, he writes. “Perhaps it’s something about the sheen of the cars and the peculiar roundedness of the shapes, and maybe the lack of obvious damage”. Or is it that the proliferation of AI-generated fakes is already making people increasingly predisposed not to believe things that are real?
My hunch is that it’s the latter, because social media are being overrun by what has come to be known as “AI slop” – images and text created using generative AI tools. (Amazon’s Kindle store is having similar problems with AI-generated “books”, but that’s a different story.)
You’d have thought that the social media companies would be bothered by this tsunami of crap on their platforms. Think again. According to Jason Koebler of the tech news website 404 Media, in a recent quarterly earnings call that was overwhelmingly about AI, Meta’s chief executive, Mark Zuckerberg, said that new, AI-generated feeds were likely to come to Facebook and other Meta platforms. Zuckerberg said he was excited by the “opportunity for AI to help people create content that just makes people’s feed experiences better”.
Warming to his theme, Zuck continued: “I think we’re going to add a whole new category of content, which is AI-generated or AI-summarised content or kind of existing content pulled together by AI in some way. And I think that that’s going to be just very exciting for Facebook and Instagram and maybe Threads or other kind of feed experiences over time.”
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