http://www.human-memory.net/processes_storage.html
Memories are information stored in the brain as patterns of strong and weak neuronal connections. The brain is constantly rebuilding itself like the rest of the body, albeit much more slowly. This process of rebuilding is precise enough that memories aren't lost in the process.
Very interesting. This would in theory also mean we wouldn’t have to learn enything anymore by going to schools since all information could be programmed to our brain. We wouldn’t have to go to school anymore. Just one press of a button and we would know everything. It sounds exciting, but I really don’t like this idea when it comes to humans since it would possibly drive us insane so much information.
The architecture of the brain is extremely exotic. It's recognizably computer-like, but different from any computer humans have ever built. Recent progress has been made decoding how the brain stores moving images, so that we can even extract and play them back as movies.
However understanding the "file system" of the brain well enough to write data to it is a much harder problem that is decades or even a century off. Some humility is necessary when discussing neuroscience, because the human brain is the most complex object known to exist.