Você sabe o que é um mecanismo de consenso das criptos e para que serve? O mecanismo de consenso é basicamente aquilo que permite a validação das transações e a inclusão de um novo bloco válido na blockchain.
No início só existia um mecanismo de consenso, que foi inaugurado pelo Bitcoin e seguido pelos seus “clones” da época, como Litecoin, DogeCoin, etc. Trata-se do mecanismo Proof-of-Work, ou prova de trabalho. Nele basicamente o que importa é a capacidade computacional do “minerador” da moeda. Quanto maior a capacidade de Hash da máquina, maiores as chances de ele conseguir validar um bloco e ganhar a recompensa.
Mas logo começaram a surgir os problemas desse mecanismo, e o mais grave de todos é o alto consumo de energia. Estima-se que hoje em dia esse mecanismo consuma eletricidade equivalente à gasta por países como a Suíça. O Bitcoin consome hoje o equivalente a 61 Twh, ou 1,5% de toda a energia consumida nos Estados Unidos!
E foi na tentativa de resolver esse problema que surgiu o mecanismo Proof-of-Stake, ou prova de participação. Nele em vez de ter capacidade computacional, você tem que ter moeda investida na carteira. Quanto mais moeda você tiver parada na carteira, maior será a sua recompensa por ajudar no mecanismo de consenso. Esse mecanismo é bem mais ecológico, pois resolve em 100% o problema do alto consumo de energia do mecanismo anterior.
Apesar de ser mais moderno e mais adequado, as moedas que usam o Proof-of-Stake hoje em dia só detém 29% do valor de mercado, revelando um grande espaço para crescimento. Mas o Proof-of-Stake também não está imune a críticas, e a principal delas é a de desestimular o uso dos tokens como moeda, visto que o incentivo é o de deixar a moeda parada na carteira em vez de gastar, coisa que não acontece com o Proof-of-Work.
Mas nesse mundo das criptos as invenções e novidades acontecem muito rápido, e já surgiu um aperfeiçoamento do Proof-of-Stake que é o Delegated Proof-of-Stake, ou abreviadamente DPOS. Nele não é necessário pagar recompensa para todo mundo que deixa o dinheiro parado na carteira, mas apenas aos delegados, que são escolhidos através de um mecanismo de votos onde um token = um voto. Quanto mais tokens você possuir em carteira, maior será o seu poder de voto para escolher os delegados.
A grande vantagem do DPOS é não precisar pagar muito em recompensas, pois apenas os delegados são recompensados. Isso faz com que muito dinheiro “sobre” e possa ser distribuído de outras formas. E é exatamente isso que a nossa moeda Steem faz. Ela utiliza DPOS, onde a comunidade vota nos witnesses e o restante do dinheiro que sobra é distribuído com os criadores de conteúdo, num mecanismo que foi apelidado de Proof-of-Brain, ou prova de cérebro.
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