Great stuff and well explained.
What do you think about a problem I've been alert to: the design and sample size of many studies suffer due to insufficient funding. So we end up with many poorly funded little studies. If the authors had more funding, they would probably conduct very long-term studies with thousands of subjects, multiple metrics, more rigorous procedures, etc. The quality of many studies seems to me to be severely limited because of the limited funding.
Yes, you're right and good point. Many grants require a power analysis now, which helps you decide on the sample size you need if you have a hypothesis about effect size. Many studies are still underpowered, but I think that there is a growing understanding of the problem.