Hello. I am grateful to have you here.
Last week saw me writing about rectifiers, inverters and Albert Einstein's Theories of Relativity. These posts sparked a few comments from experts in the field and it felt good. The knowledge that someone read what you have written is a high reward. A greater reward is that they understand it and thought it worth their while to give you feedback. The greatest reward is when the feedback is positive. When I add the upvotes, well, I am blown away. Steemit is the stuff of dreams and I am grateful to you, my friends and to my #steemstem and #stemng community. I must also thank all my friends who have no science and engineering backgrounds: @georgeani, @ajremy, @himshweta, @kristyyd and others. I try to avoid equations and other geeky stuff in my posts because of you. You're appreciated.
RFID
[Please click the image to watch Avril Lavigne's "Here's to Never Growing Up"]
If you have visited a city called Warri in Nigeria, you would have heard the phrase, "You go old". It means you will grow old which is a good thing, right? Wrong! It means that you will get old while waiting for something to happen. Most of us are growing old while waiting on long checkout lines at grocery stores. It is expected that soon these lines could disappear when the famous Universal Product Code (UPC) barcodes are replaced by smart labels, also called radio frequency identification (RFID) tags.
RFID tags are intelligent bar codes that can communicate through a networked system to track every product that a buyer put in their shopping cart.
With the implementation of the RFID tags in grocery and other retail shops, customers could fill up their carts with RFID tagged items and walk right of the shops with the items; no queues, no waiting.
The (passive) RFID tags will communicate with the electronic reader which will detect every item in the cart as they walk out of the shop and ring each piece up almost instantly. If this reader is connected to a network connecting the retailers and manufacturers, the retailers can be notified of the items bought, and they can inform the customer's bank so that the bill will be settled without any further involvement of the customer. The manufacturers can also monitor inventory and incorporate the rate of sales in their supply chain management. How cool would that be?
The RFID Technology
It appears that everything I write takes me back to electromagnetic (EM) waves. RFID technology is based on EM waves. The early types of RFID employed Inductively Coupled RFID tags and Capacitively Coupled RFID tags and these seem like a good place to begin a discussion of RFID.
Inductively Coupled RFID Tags
These tags were powered by a magnetic field generated by the RFID reader. As we know from electromagnetics, moving electric charges (current) has the ability to generate a magnetic field around the conductor and a magnetic field is able to cause a flow of current.
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This production of electric current by magnetism and the generation of magnetism by an electric current is called Electromagnetic Induction and is the basis of the operation of inductively coupled RFID. The electric current in the RFID reader is primarily used to generate a magnetic field which induces electric current in the tags enabling the reader to read data from them. These were complicated tags made up of wires and antennas with an associated cost of production which hampered widespread application.
Capacitively Coupled RFID
Due to the cost implications of the inductively coupled RFID, the capacitively coupled tags were created to lower the cost of the technology to enable them to be used as cheap disposable tags for merchandise and possibly as a replacement for UPCs. These used conductive carbon ink instead of the metal coils used in inductive coupled RFID to exchange data with the reader. The technology, first projected by Motorola, did not quite catch on and was abandoned for newer innovations.
These innovations can store up to 2000 bytes of data and are made of a microchip and antenna. Some of them have batteries and are usually enclosed in plastic, silicon or glass. Their mode of operation is similar, the type notwithstanding. Tags that use batteries to send data are called active and those that do not are called passive. In between are those that have batteries but do not use the battery power to transmit data and those are called semi-active
How RFID Works
Before RFID tags, there were RF tags which are similar in function as the RFID tags except for one major difference. RF tags help the receiver identify the presence of a tag, and that's it. It does not provide any information as per the identity of the item bearing the tag, in which case if the RF technology is applied in a shop Anti-theft alarm, it would go off if a person has one item in a cart that was not properly checked out. The problem of identifying which item is left to the shop attendant or someone else. The most popular of these RF tags was the acousto-magnetic tag which speed and ease of scan made them excellent for anti-theft applications.
The RFID reader has a transmitter and a receiver fitted in it. If the RFID tag is used to identify products in a shop, then each product must have a concealed or visible RFID "tag". In an anti-theft application, walking through the doorway without paying for an item having an RFID tag would cause an alarm to be set off. This happens because the transmitter in one of the doors is continually sending off radio waves which would be picked up by an active RFID tag. On intercepting this radio wave, a small current would be generated in the label, causing it to release its radio signal at a specific frequency. The receiver in the other door (forming part of the anti-theft system) would receive this signal and sound the alarm.
Of course, the described scenario above would not play out the same way if the buyer had paid for the item. This is because the checkout assistant passes the items through, a deactivating device deactivates the electronic components in the RF label, so they no longer pick up or transmit a signal when the customer walks through the gates, ensuring that the alarm does not go off.
The operation of RFID is the same no matter the type of tag. Every tag works as follows:
- Data is stored within an RFID tag's microchip, and this data remains there.
- The tag would have an antenna that "listens" for EM energy from a reader's antenna until a reader sends a transmission in the form of EM energy.
- The tag would receive the communication and use the energy (or energy from batteries, for active tags) and sends radio waves back to the reader.
- The reader would then pick up the radio waves from the tag and interprets the frequencies and the encoded message as meaningful data.
Challenges
An obvious challenge that the RFID industry is facing as regards ubiquitous application of the technology in many aspects of life is the cost implications. If the industry can reduce the costs to acceptable levels, this would result in a network of smart RFID devices that can be used to monitor the entire supply chain as mentioned at the beginning of this post.
Other challenges that result to impeding widespread RFID implementation especially in the retail industry are reliability issues of the technology, privacy issues, lack of standards, data integration issues, and employee reluctance to change old ways of doing work. While cost is often mentioned as a significant challenge, privacy issues are the most dominant challenge that needs to be addressed before RFID can go mainstream, especially in the retail sector. Due to the enormous data generated by an RFID system, data integration issues are also a major problem that must be addressed.[6]
The US of RFID by the US government as security measures in passports to curb forgery has also raised concerns bordering on:
- skimming(a situation where unauthorised persons may scan the e-passport without holder's knowledge) or;
- eavesdropping (a case where a bystander can obtain details of the e-passport as it is being scanned by an official). On these issues, the Department of Homeland Security has assured Americans that the e-passport is perfectly safe.[5]
Conclusion
RFID tags are an improvement over barcodes. They offer much more than barcodes because they have read and write capabilities and data on them can be changed and locked. RFID tags are finding many applications from tracking cattle to inventory and supply chain management. RFID tags are also used in tracking pets, vehicles, airline passengers, Alzheimer's patients. It may soon help retailers to track user preferences. RFID is also being used in transportation devices such as highway toll passcards and passenger chip-embedded passes.
In spite of the potential widespread application of RFID, cost, security and data integration challenges have reduced the speed of adoption of RFID especially in the retail sector. It is hoped that we shall find the solutions to these problems in the next few years and therefore enjoy the ease of shopping and life that RFID can afford.
Here is to never wait on queues!
References
- Wikipedia | Electromagnetic Radiation
- Wikipedia | Radio Frequency identification
- Explain that Stuff | RFID
- ABR.COM | What is RFID?
- How Stuff Works | RFID
- Research Gate | RFID Implementation in Retail Industry: Current Status Issues and Challenges
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Being A SteemStem Member
A beautiful post, which I understand about the content of your post RFID technology starts when a soviet spy (now Russia) invented the radio wave transmission system through audio information. The sound waves vibrate the diagrammas that have formed into a resonator that modulates the reflected wave . Although this tool is not an identification but is considered a precursor to RFID technology. In addition there are also IFF transponder technology used by the British army in the 2nd world war for aircraft goods as friends or enemies. RFID device that became the embryo of modern RFID system is Device Mario Cardullo, for using passive radio transponders with memory. Cardullo's basic patented use of RF, voice and light as a transmission medium. RFF was offered to investors in 1969 for use in the field of transport, train, security and medical.
Then the working principle of RFIDRFID uses identi system fication with radio waves. For that it takes at least two devices, namely called TAG and READER.Saat scanning data, READER read the signal provided by RFID TAG.
Thaks you...
Thank you so much for your valued addition to the post. You seem to have a vast knowledge of electrical and electronic engineering. Thank you for visiting my blog.
Thank you for providing this information.
First of all: whenever I hear about a technology with so many possible applications I am talking against it. It became a habit for whatever reason.
I guess by heart I am a technological skeptic. Smile.
I've heard about RFID-chips quite a while ago and even used them in a fictional novel for lost cows in the desert. Don't ask:)
My man and I often talk about shops without cashiers. And then I ask: "what about the people formerly working there?" He asks: "Would you like to work as a cashier?" And I answer: "No, I wouldn't. But others would."
Then we have a debate about me saying that the world I live in gets way too complex and there is no work left for simple minds and for people who do not want to get this complex form of education. Then, the two of us agree on a Guaranteed Basic Income for everyone. Then the idea of a shop without cashiers sounds nice to me. Still, I would like having people working there. And we imagine people having time for each other and not being stressed or distracted with work they don't like.
For the ID-app: Nah. Governments always say, it's safe, don't they? I am sorry, that I do not praise the idea. Though I distinguish between the provider of information and the distributor of the application.
In the preference tracking, there should be built in a random offer. It is nice to have been offered things I like but sometimes the unexpected should be taken in. And most of the times I don't want to be offered anything at all.
Sorry, that was a quite long comment.
Hello & Bye from Germany!
Thank you for the long comment. Before now, I had thought it was the exclusive preserve of Abigail-dantes to receive them. Now, I can see that I'm moving up in the world :)
But seriously, it is easy to see that you are just a wonderful, caring, thoughtful person. Your concern with technologies that have numerous applications is valid. No matter how menial a job is, it is somebody's dream job and it must feed a family somewhere. Therefore, anyone who takes it away owes the world a duty of care to consider the lives it must change in its wake.
On the flipside though, your man has a point when he says that we can all focus on other things. I mean, just a couple of years ago I felt it was bliss having a paid job but now here I am very satisfied running a small poultry and writing science articles and discussing with you fine people. Life is a gift but most often we don't know what's best for us. As a talented man put it, we often run around like children asking for toys but the Universe, as a proper parent denies us some of them knowing they are choking hazards. While we think that working as checkout assistants is the ultimate job for some people, walking around the shop and holding conversations with customers to ensure they have everything they need may be a more satisfying job. And because more is done with less, it may turn out to be a better paying job.
If you, being in Germany do not completely trust governments, just consider how much I must trust them :) Did I say you're wonderful? Yes you are. I am glad you visited my blog today and I hope I have touched on all the points you raised. German sure can write English!
You have my gratitude from Nigeria.
This is a beautiful write on RFID tags.
I like smart tech; I will want to see RFID tags to be treated as an endpoint and as such be managed centrally.
Yes, it would bring a lot of convenience to us in its wake. Thanks for reading through.
Aw yeah! Shout out to chuchboy for giving me a shoutout! 😘 you're awesome. Aren't you glad I don't understand science 😂😁 I'll have to learn that stuff so we can talk more-smarty pants !
I am glad please. I don't want anybody corrupting your love-inspired posts with science and smarty pants stuff. You are awesome the way you are. No modification needed. You put the A in a-mazing and I love you Kristan - A woman that is so lovely, Botty couldn't help himself. Thank you for being you ❤️
Hahaha ! Thanks for the mention 😉. Nice post as always!
Thanks a lot. I couldn't help it because you always leave a comment even when it is too hard to read. You're appreciated.
I read, but I am blankspot, I am not good enough to understand this tehnology.
Anyway I am very appreciated You wroted this postung @churchboy.
You're appreciated too, my friend. I hope you're getting on well.
A support from friend like you made me day by day grow up... Thanks a lot
I was using RFID daily at my job, but dint know so much about it!
Thanks!
UPVOTED!
Cheers,
Adrian
Thank you for your comment and support.
A very informative article about RFID tags. A great invention no doubt to track items. Upvoted!
Yes, RFID has simplified a lot of things. Faster processing with low cost and less human power. Good post.
Thanks a lot for taking the time to read my post and leave a comment. Yes, RFID is changing things but we hope to see a lot more changes in the future.
radio frequency identification (RFID)
you are very creative (@churchboy) a solution to the problems faced by people.
Thank you for the compliment.