Cognitive Behavioural Therapy
I have stated before that one of the purposes of my blog is to raise awareness about Psychology on this platform, and consequently debunk misconceptions about mental health. Of course, for this, one of the things I would like my readers to accept is that psychology is not a field entrenched within the boundaries of psychoanalysis, and that talking psychology goes way beyond than talking Sigmund Freud and Carl Jung.
The reason why I have pointed this out in my introduction is because in this post I will discuss Cognitive Behavioural Therapy - CBT. A therapeutic approach rooted in the principles of conditioning (learning) theories, which were first proposed by the now known ͚radical behaviourists͛– Pavlov, Wolpe, Skinner – the very figures who disapproved of the theoretical and subjective methods of psychoanalyses and worked towards turning psychology into a study that is more observable, objective and measurable.
This is precisely what Cognitive Behavioural Therapy is, and its rapid development is largely to do with its empirical grounding. CBT has demonstrated to be very effective in the treatment of conditions such as OCD, panic disorders and depression. So, this is when I should introduce you to Mr. B, a 50-year-old real client who suffered from comorbid major depression and OCD.
Emotions according to CBT
But, before we further explore Mr. B͛s case, let us first see how cognitive behavioural therapy makes sense of emotions, specifically sadness.
In CBT difficult feelings such as sadness (and anxiety) are seen not only as normal, but also as healthy reactions to the environment and life in general. However, when someone experiences such feelings in their most extreme, they can develop avoidant behaviour (for example, stop engaging in daily activities), which will inevitably distance them from family and friends; in turn, causing feeling of detachment that in most cases leads to suicidal thoughts.
This is precisely what happened to Mr. B, who had been divorced for nearly a decade, with no subsequent romantic relationships, jobless for the past six months, and only saw his teenage children every other weekend. Mr. B lived on his own making ends meet with a disability pension and had been contemplating suicide.
A Pattern of Negative Thinking
Although sometimes depression emerges without any clear causes, most often it arises from life situations that involve some kind of loss. When sadness becomes prolonged and causes psychological pain, it triggers a pattern of thinking in which the person gets stuck. It goes pretty much like this:
Negative thoughts > triggering low mood > prompting more negative thoughts > lowering the mood further, and so back to the beginning.
This is a notion that reminds me of a study I came across not long ago (it was not CBT related) which demonstrates that negative emotions also trigger bad memories. Indeed, in some clinical environments it has been noticed that clients afflicted by major depression have great difficulties in recalling good memories. But, the negative thoughts referred to in the pattern mentioned above are not memory related, they have more to do with what Tim Beck defined, in 1976, as the negative cognitive triad - negativity towards oneself, one͛s experience as well as one͛s future. Mr. B experienced all this through ideas that reflected beliefs similar to: "It´s is all my fault", "it will always be this way."
In Mr. B´s case this cycle is particularly serious because it increases his level of anxiety and aggravates his obsessive compulsive behavior. Prior to treatment Mr. B carried out several rituals during the day, they included checking whether doors were locked, and taps and light switches were off. In more difficult days Mr. B would check if the light switches were off even when the rooms were in absolute darkness. This was the way he found to cope with the terrifying, intrusive thoughts of having his house broken into.
Don͛t forget I mentioned earlier that his depression coexisted with OCD.
The Case Study
In neuropsychology a case study is the in-depth study of a single individual using a range of different methods.
Now that you have become acquainted with Mr. B and with how CBT interprets depression, I can present the aim of the case study:
To evaluate how a treatment that combined CBT (particularly behavioural activation) and psychopharmacotherapy improves the psychological health and alleviates symptoms of comorbid OCD and major depression.
Behavioural Activation is a specific method/treatment within cognitive behavioural therapy to treat depression. Here the therapist supports the client to acknowledge, once again, those activities in life which he used to see as enjoyable, but that he has now abandoned (avoidant behaviour). The ultimate goal of this is to guide the client and help him to re-engage in these activities; and consequently, have an increased level of positive reinforcement in his day-to-day life.
Why do it this way? The logic behind this is that by eliminating symptoms of depression (and anxiety) the client will become better prepared to, later on, address deeper psychological issues. Also this also equips the client to see things differently, and therefore attach a more positive meaning to life events and experiences. This is in fact, the fundamental concept in cognitive behavioural theory: it is not so much the situation that prompts emotional reactions; but rather the meaning that the person concerned associate to it. The meaning will then be a result of the interplay between the individual͛s personal history, overall life context and current mood state.
At the end of the 21-month-treatment, Mr. B, who had been completely avoidant, had finished a technical course, was about to start a six-month computer training, and had two potential job positions awaiting him.
This considerable change in Mr. B͛s behaviour and mindset was a result of a highly structured therapeutic program based on a shared understanding and collaborative work, where he was the authority in his own distress and the therapist through his specialized knowledge of depression offered alternative ways for Mr. B to see and experience the world through challenging his negative beliefs.
A range of cognitive techniques can be used in this specific treatment strategy. In this very case, Mr. B was asked to keep a diary where he recorded his thoughts and feelings, he undertook psychometric tests, and took several different psychopharmacological drugs - one at a time throughout the twenty one months (clomipramine, duloxetine, buspirone and lithium). The drugs were prescribed by a psychiatrist who worked in conjunction with the therapist.
The observable and measurable aspects of Mr. B’s treatment
In many ways Mr. B͛s treatment progress and outcome are observable. In his pre-treatment assessment Mr. B was identified as a fully avoidant individual, presenting poor self-care, self-deprecating thoughts, suicidal ideation and compulsive behaviour. After a period of twenty one months he was functional in household activities, self-care and social events. Mr. B himself reported "...my mind is sharper and in more control of my thoughts". Subsequently to stopping taking lithium he also claimed to be feeling more energetic in his daily activities.
As for the measurable aspects, Mr. B demonstrated a decrease in compulsive and obsessive behaviour, depression, anxiety and stress. With ratings of obsessive compulsion going from 31 to 15, depression ratings going from 47 to asymptomatic levels as well as anxiety, where ratings were seen to go from 40 to asymptomatic levels too – These were all measures obtained from the psychometric tests mentioned earlier. Finally, Mr. B presented a gradual decline in the frequency of checking behaviours throughout the 21 months, which at the beginning was at a mean of 101 per day and steadily went down to a mean of 19 per day.
What does this case study tells us?
- That a treatment combining behavioural activation and psychopharmacotherapy is efficient in alleviating symptoms and improving the psychological health of the client.
- That a long-term treatment combining behavioural activation and psychopharmacotherapy effectively treats comorbid OCD and depression.
- It indicates that cases of comorbid disorders that include severe depression may see positive outcomes when treated with behavioural activation.
But it is also important to notice that not all individuals will necessarily benefit from cognitive behavioural therapy. Not rarely, it is seen that one kind of approach will suit a person better than another. Mr. B himself previously attempted to treat his comorbid conditions with psychoanalysis; but experienced no significant improvement in his psychological health and overall well-being. It is also important to note that his was a prolonged treatment, something which the author of the paper highlights as one of the contributing factors for the successful outcome.
Criticism
Not surprisingly the main criticism towards the cognitive behavioural approach comes from psychoanalysts, who claim the elimination of symptoms is not the same as targeting the real cause of the difficult emotional state. Psychoanalysts argue that what this most likely will do is to actually make the ´suppressed´ symptom reappear in the form of ´neurosis´.
There has been no evidence for this, however. Plus, the effectiveness of cognitive behavioural therapy in the treatment of conditions such as social phobias, PTSD, OCD and a few others is nowadays undisputable due to the evidence available.
Reflection
Now that you have a better understanding about cognitive therapy, I would like to ask you to reflect on a few questions:
Do you agree with the behaviourist notion that proposes that it is not the situation per se that causes emotional responses; but rather the meaning attached to it?
Whenever you feel sad or anxious do you also resort to strategies that alleviate the symptoms of your difficult feelings?
[Original Content by Abigail Dantes 2018]
Reference list:
Arco, L. (2015), A case study in treating chronic comorbid obsessive-compulsive disorder and depression with behavioural activation and pharmacotherapy. Psychotherapy, vol. 52, No. 2, pp.278-286
Beck, J. (1995). Cognitive Therapy: Basic and beyond. New York: Guilford Press.
Dear Reader,
Thank you so much for taking the time to read and engage with my work! I wish you all a great weekend ahead 😊
Best.
Depression is a psychological disease and his medicine is psychologically with the participation of social emotions in ways that sound according to the '' values ''.
So I say that the prevention of this spiritual disease ie embrace religion is right for him.
"Smart Atheist commits suicide" as wisdom.
The impairment of chemical balance in your brain is important in the formation of this disease. The synapses between the neurons of the serotonin and noradrenaline in the brain are reduced in the given space. This decrease leads to the appearance of depressive symptoms. This decrease, which is sometimes spontaneous, sometimes occurs after some compelling life events. Past traumas, losses, sadness and difficulties, still ongoing problems, emerging coercive life events, low educational level, poverty can also cause depression.. @slimanepro @abigail-dantes
Another great read. So, I have gone through TWO rounds of CPT (cognitive processing therapy). I'm not sure if it's the same, but it sounds like it is. So, what follows is simply my own experience with the whole process. My problem with things like CPT and modern mental health in general, is the approach in which it's dealt with. Sterile rooms, distracted therapists, factory-production style psychiatry. My CPT sessions were each twelve weeks in duration. One in a group, the other as a one-on-one approach. I understood the goal of the treatment, but for me, as you say in your post, it's a therapy that won't necessarily work for everyone. It wasn't for lack of being involved or being proactive; I've been incredibly proactive about my mental health. (Starting therapy almost as soon as I got back from Afghanistan). The approach of sitting down, writing, talking, and doing it all over again just didn't seem to take. You ask whether or not it's situation or meaning, and as a combat veteran, I think it's both. Sometimes it's hard to separate the situation from the emotion. In combat, you are constantly running on such base emotion and primal instinct, that those two become inseparable. When you train for combat, you're hammering back all those emotions that would come flooding forward, the "fight-or-flight" responses, and so you are actively over-riding those pathways. As weird as it sounds, it's easier to train your mind into that "always-ready" state than it is to bring it out of it. And so now, as a combat veteran, when you approach situations like large crowds, that situation triggers an emotion, a ready-state, based on actual experience. We had a saying, basically, the Marine Corps did a great job of training us for war, but a horrible job of training us to come back, and re-integrate into society. Of course, not every Veteran that experiences combat has PTSD, but many, if not most, will undoubtedly have some residual effects left-over from the experience of combat. Anxiety. Depression.
Also, in my experience, I've learned that PTSD in combat veterans seems to have a common theme; most having already dealt with a previous traumatic experience, (being molested, raped, abuse, alcohol and chaos in the home; which is where I'd fall in, the alcohol and chaos and fighting.)
Now, when I start having those feeling, I take to my writing, or I head out into the woods for fresh air and nature. It's tricky though because my depression is heavy, and comes on like a tide in the ocean. All of the sudden, I'm sitting on the bench of my own life-game, even during the beautiful moments. If it's real bad, I turn to Psilocybin mushrooms, as those have had the most profound impact on my entire outlook on life, my mental health. So, all is not doom and gloom. Healing can, and is, occurring. Thanks for casting light on these kinds of topics! I enjoy these articles!
Just one question.. What is CPT?
Here is the Wikipedia definition of CPT:
Cognitive processing therapy (CPT) is a manualized therapy used by clinicians to help people recover from posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and related conditions.[1] It includes elements of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) treatments. A typical 12-session run of CPT has proven effective in treating PTSD across a variety of populations, including combat veterans,[2][3][4] sexual assault victims,[5][6][7] and refugees.[8] CPT can be provided in individual and group treatment formats.
Basically, you sit down with a therapist, they give you worksheets on feelings and you're supposed to go home, write down a significant situation/feeling that arises, and why it might make you feel this way. You then write how you could respond to it differently. Then, you discuss it with said therapist, during the allotted time slot, (since they have fifty other vets to see that day), in hopes of re-training the brain to approach feeling/situation/emotion differently. I guess for me, it was too standardized, too formulaic. That's not how my mind works, ever worked. We also did an abbreviated form of this during my stay at Laurel Ridge, a psychiatric hospital with a military-specific wing in San Antonio. It's interesting that this is what the VA uses, yet, even when Veterans go through these "standardized" treatments and sensory-dulling medications, they still end up killing themselves or descending deeper into depression, isolation. I've had to talk more vets than I care to think about from taking that plunge down the dark abyss of suicide. Already lost one good friend to it. So, something isn't working. There's a break down in the system at the human level. Of course, this is just my own opinion.
Thank you :)
@therightsideofup, again, THANK you so much for taking the time to teach us so much about a reality that is so far-fetched to, I dare to say, all of us here taking part in this debate. Throughout your post I was first, particularly touched by this:
Now, I want to look for literature that addresses this reality! Books, papers... etc...
I have com across this information before.
This is also something worth looking into. Considering that so many have these common aspects I would be particularly interesting in learning how their expectations from the experience they are going to encounter are similar.
I read your post about your experience Psilocybin mushrooms, I found it very enlightening.
Thanks for your always kind, encouraging words about my work!
All the best to you :)
Any time! You put out high-quality, thought-provoking material on a subject that interests me. It was interesting, to realize that other Veterans dealing with PTSD had some type of significant trauma, buried deep in their past. It took another traumatic event, such as combat or the clean-up crew that had to literally pick up body parts of their friends after an IED blast. The band-aid of Time was ripped off, reopening old wounds, and adding a few more to it. Of course, the other aspect is support, and sadly, many had support systems that were failing, or just didn't believe in PTSD to begin with. The Veteran community even cannibalizes itself on this topic.
Thank you, Abigail Dante, for another wonderful article in which I see myself as in a mirror. :D
I want to answer your last question, but before I tell you what you think just to tell you that I suffer from depression for a long time. First was the social phobia and then come the depression. :D There are periods in which I don't go out for months, but when I do it, I crash mentally and have panic attacks like friends :D I have tried to heal, I've been to psychoanalysts, psychiatrists, but there was no effect. After living with these grim feelings and inner anguish, almost half of my life, I turn to the past and ask myself: why should I avoid them? If I don't have this problems, I would not be the person I am now. I was not going to make the things I do. I would not create music, I would not write stories and plays, I would not be so interested in literature and all kinds of things related to the spiritual. I was going to be a superficial and ordinary man with ordinary work and ordinary life. Depression has created a depth in me, which is my source of inspiration, and to be tortured by this suffering I am giving birth to something of value. That's why I want to dive into the deep with them, not to escape the pain, that is what makes me a meaningful person. I have read an interview with the absurd playwright Eugene Ionesco, who you know, writing a lot of irrational and fantasy stuff. According to him, the psychologists will find some neuroses in him that need to be treated, but that neurosis make Ionesco great. Yes, certain people need to be treated, those who can't take advantage of their depression and crash them completely, but there are cases when the depression is the cure itself. Thank you once again for this article, and I am glad that you will not mention Jung and Freud so much and expanding my psyche in psychology. :D
All the best. :)
Dearest @godflesh, it is always a pleasure reading your writings! Your comment fascinates me in so many levels. But this particular part just made me smile a smile of admiration and respect for you:
It reminded me of an old professor of mine, who used to criticize both BTC and Psychoanalyses. He would raise these very point. He had depression, but very much like yourself, at one point he began to embrace it as something that actually made part of who he was: an insightful, educated man (just like you).
Thank you for writing your personal experience here. I am sure that it's going to open A LOT of closed minds and also inspire those of us who struggle to accept the inevitable, unavoidable difficult feelings that this life present us with!
All the best to you always! :)
Although I am not a supporter of the CBT I cannot deny it's results. It works.
But the question is not about whether it does or not. Let's end the debate which is best and universal in all cases analysis or CBT. Things are not that simple. If your method works for your client - good use it. If it doesn't, don't force it.
"The situation per se that causes emotional responses - rather the meaning attached to it" - I thinks it's true and in some way it's what psychoanalysis claims it does as well. The emotion is a manifestation of the problem.
Whenever I feel sad or anxious I don't treat my symptoms but self-reflect and try to understand them in order to reach their origin. This requires a lot of personal mental resource and thank god we have therapy as tool to help us :)
Once again, nothing but quality content, @abigail-dantes :)
Oh yes!
I appreciate your constant support and input very much @dysfunctional! :D
All the best to you.
Thank you for bringing up another topic of your profession and including your readers. I like it! :)
I agree partly. I guess it is always a mix of many factors, which can be summarized by "outer conditions/circumstances" and "inner perception/evaluation." For this I use the experiment with rats, I unfortunately do not have a source (but will try to look it up).
In the experiment with the animals, the addictive effect of cocaine was tested and whether the subsequent generation of the rats involved would also develop an addiction. So the rats were given cocaine as an addition to the food. All rats - including the rat children - developed an addiction. Until someone came up with the idea to change the environment and create a kind of "rat paradise" instead of the dreary laboratory environment with what rats are pleasant. The result was that all rats left the cocaine on the side and the rat children showed no interest in it. The rats were doing so well in this paradisiacal environment that they despised the drug.
Which made me think that people behave in a similar way. If their environment is barren and dismal, if they are not distracted and occupied by the things around them, there may be no impetus to develop positive motives or to react impulsively to the environment, for example, isolation is not necessarily perceived as such only by the subjective assessment of people, but is promoted by the fact that isolation actually prevails. For example, in large cities and the fact that we are less dependent on social interaction due to the external supply. Coming to a lonely apartment after work.
However, I don't dare to judge the weighting. In any case, I am convinced that inner convictions and beliefs have a very great effect on how unhappy or happy someone feels.
I have learned that. In the past, I tended to intensify the negative feelings by thinking and worrying (more of the same). Today it helps me to think that the difficult situation will surely pass. How it all goes away. This helps me to turn my attention to something else and to leave the brooding behind. If it wasn't for that, you'd be depressed 24/7. That's impossible. If you were depressive all the time, you'd probably die.
Hi @erh.germany :D
You see how now I am talking to my reader? Does my new writing style look familiar to you :D
Well, thank you once again for inspiring me to make this change!
Ok, so let's talk about this most interesting comment you left for us here. But really what I have is a question for you: do you agree that the outer conditions/circumstance and inner perception/evaluation are to an extent the factors that CBT puts forwards as the ones which influences the meaning we attach to the situations?
I personally think so :D
The outer conditions/circumstance reminds of of what CBT puts as the overall context of the individual. And the inner perception/evaluation makes me think of what CBT states to be the overall context of the individual and also the individual's personal history (maybe not the latter!).
Yep, the cycle of negative thoughts! One can get seriously stuck in such pattern. I still have to police myself to not get stuck in it! Like you said, in my case too this ability seems to have becomes less difficult as I get older and see that the bad times do not last forever :)
Ps: I loved your post about Alan Watts and YES I would love you to continue that series. I am sorry I haven't left a comment. But, I do hope you know I am a constant reader of your work and a big fan of your blog as I learn so much from you! I constant send people to you (including here on my comments!).
Lots of love to you EriKa
I thank you, Abigail!
Yes, I felt very much talked to:-D - you are always welcome and I I feel flattered.
Funny how we promote each other. I was name dropping, too! :-) In the chat as well as in comments.
Oh, yes, I do agree on that. The CBT sounds totally sensible and logic to me.
Yes, if that is meant by the overall context, then this kind of treatment for sure integrates many things which are significant to consider.
I must add that no matter what kind of treatment one gets, if it heals and leads to a better situation, it is right.
Also one can have the best treatment/method but if the relationship between client/patient and counsellor/doctor is accompanied by distrust, insecurity and prejudices, it's of no or little help. But for sure you've heard that already hundred times and talked about it, too.
I am glad that you talk about the same experience and getting more calm within the years. To deal with this kind of profession and topics for sure is helping, I find.
At least for me its of utmost advantage:)
Oh, Thank you so much for mentioning my Watts article. I adore him! It pushes me to continue. He is one of the most fascinating men I've ever stumbled upon.
I send you Love & Affection! <3
I have personally gone through a prolonged process of CBT myself with regards to addiction. I believe that the value of CBT lies in its ability to help a person slowly regain control over once uncontrollable thoughts, reactions, emotions, etc. and being allowed to rewrite cognitive journals where within we start jotting down positives, too.
Although it is not explicitly stated I would argue that Mr B's response to the events in his life, which resulted in his depression and suicidal tendencies, was something he was already susceptible to and was merely triggered by the events leading up to and after the divorce (along with other relevant events).
Going through something like that renders a person feeling completely powerless. The co-morbidity of OCD would only contribute to these feelings of powerlessness as compulsions are already psychosomatic impulses in response to wanting to have control over things (internal and external).
CBT allowed Mr B to recognize and reawaken that part of him which wanted to be in control, yet was drowned out by the depression. It is very important to note that it took a long time. Changing behaviour and thinking patterns is a prolonged process.
Continuing to your questions:
Yes. I liken it to where you state that in a negative emotional state people find it difficult to remember good memories. Conditioning is important. In Mr B's case we could argue that he avoided any relationships afterwards because of the change in his understanding and perspective on relationships after the divorce (and even prior to).
He is now possibly lonely and isolated but the though of meeting someone new conjures terror, rather than elation.
It depends on the situation. Sometimes it is important to rather work through certain emotions instead of trying to alleviate them. It is important, to me, to understand why I react to things to way I do and why they stimulate specific emotions.
It is also important to distinguish between self-defeating emotions (responses) and emotions that offer an opportunity for self-reflection and growth.
Thank you for the well-written article. It really stimulated some brain matter on this side.
Please let me know if you see any error in my thinking! :)
@rionpistorius.
@rionpistorious, When I finished reading your comment I thought to myself: "Beautiful!" with a smile on my face. Thank you very much for taking the time to share this most incredible insight on CBT here with us.
I also appreciate the way you looked further into Mr. B's case. Byt the way, your answers to the questions I left at the end of the posts are actually quite similar to my own answer :)
Thank you for your most kind compliment!
All the best to you.
Awesomeness, looking forward to the next case-study!
When I read the paragraph below:
I was reminded of someone from my hometown. About five years ago when I last visited home, I noticed that he kept a lot to himself. He lived in a big family house with hus siblings but he neither spoke nor associated with them most of the time. When I saw him this time, he had stopped opening his mouth entirely. When asked, the reason he offered for keeping his mouth completely shut was that people would poison him if he dared open his mouth long enough to speak. His isolation from the community started when his mother died of unknown causes. He chose to believe that it was his step mother and her children that were responsible for his mother's death. I'm not sure but I think the negative thoughts were in a spiral like you said:
I sometimes feel depressed and in those moments I have no desire to speak to anyone including those who care about me. I avoid them. What I found out, however, is that negative feelings beget negative feelings and so on. So for example, on my birthday, I felt sad because of the the things I had failed to achieve, so what I did was to recall all the things I did achieve and all the blessings I've had including the important people in my life. This helped me dissipate the negative feelings and a miracle happened - the positive feelings also came in a flood. So I believe that,
Two people can gave the same experience and while one would allow the experience to weigh him or her down, the other person may choose to see it as a challenge that can be overcome, an opportunity for growth. I am that second person.
You make psychology so interesting. Thank you for this beautifully written post. Pay no attention to my typos: I just couldn't wait to send you my thoughts.
Awesome!
Hello @churchboy, what a beautiful comment you left for us here!
Thank you so much for illustrating the case of your acquaintance. I find illustrations like yours particularly important specially when combined with all the info we are gathering here. This is, of course, because I have the hope it will enlighten people and bring them some understanding should anyone of us encounter such cases in our lives, with a family member, friend etc..
I could not thank you enough for sharing your very, own experience with adopting such approach. I know it is not easy. I, personally, find quite difficult to think positively in moments of sadness. This serves as a great encouragement (truly appreciate it!)
I also agree with this behaviorist view that difficult feelings do arise from the meaning given to the situation, and you have illustrated this further with a very-straight forward example, that I believe all of us have encountered at some point in life. How many times haven't we thought 'Oh that was awful'! Just to hear, let's say a friend reply 'it was not that bad!'.
I am glad to hear you are one of the few people who can overcome difficulties and see them as opportunities. Hence, your most insightful, inspirational comment! Beautiful.
Thank you so much for you most kind, encouraging words about my work. You have a very positive energy! All the best to you :)
Thank you so much for having the time to reply my comment. I don't know how you manage to have the time. Yes, it is really difficult to leave negative feelings behind and catch on to positive feelings, so to speak.
I have had some practice with it and I get better each day. I hope to read more of your insightful posts about the work you do with people, helping them. You're totally awesome.
You are spoiling me with your kind words!
Somebody has got to do it and it is my singular honour :)
I do agree; a terrifying life situation might happen to two people, the severity of the effect on the people depends on how they see it(attaching meaning to it)
For instance, personally, have run into some unhealthy relationship with friends and families members that almost cost me my life. As i thought i was ignored and not loved, sometimes lead to depression and low esteem. Until i looked for help. I had to understand that these things were normal, and my perception of some things are not correct.
Hope am still inlined with the question
Sure most times, i tend to move away from the place or people that instigate the anger and anxiety
Nice write-up, love your analogy using Mr. B. I do understand it.
Hi @tormiwah :)
I am so happy you liked the analogy! I really appreciate you pointing this out :)
It was really interesting for me to read your particular, personal example and also self-analyses. I suppose we all go through what you did at some point in life. Some in a greater extent than others, but then again, it seem to be, in the end, down to the meaning we attach to it.
Thank you for this beautiful feedback @tormiwah
Best!
Yea making the post entertaining and having the readers in mind, the analogy surely fulfill that. Kudos to erh.germany for stimulating that. Will surely try to imorove my post also.😀
Great post, once again!
I think you're doing a fantastic job to prove that statement!
I would call that a miracle treatment for it to work in such a short time.
But then what if the symptom was not suppressed but eliminated? That would result in a complete cure.
Depends upon the state of mind of the person and the way he perceives the situation. Yes, the meaning attached to the situation(in the person's mind) is of significance.
Good question! To answer it from a personal point of view, I have started doing it in the recent past, especially after I started flying off the handle at the touch of a button. Things are much better now, after I have learnt how to alleviate the symptoms. Hey, maybe I can be your client one day! ;-)
Ahahaha @maxabit! It made me so happy to hear you think I am doing well with broadening people's views about psychology! It made my evening :D
It is also great to hear you have managed to get yourself in check! We all need to self-evaluate every now and then.
Lots of love to you & thank you for your most invaluable support!
I like this form of fighting depression with positiveness (starting new activities, etc.). This sounds actually logical to me. If you feel bad, just start doing something else. I apply that to myself when things are not going right as I want. Just forget about everything and I do something I like :)
PS: Some characters of your post look weird. Is it on purpose?
Thank you for pointing the weird characters out @lemouth. I had a little problem with my keyboard configuration this morning. I tidy them up today or tomorrow :)
I really appreciate you stopping by to read and comment!
All the best to you.
:)
Yet another excellent article Abby !
To keep it short as i've seen very lengthy comments lol, yea i think it is the emotional attachment and sometimes fear of result/outcome of the situation that causes the most distress.
Personally i try relaxation techniques, avoid over thinking troubles and their outcomes, and practice sports :D
My dear @mcfarhat :)
But, you see... how your said 'fear'. and this is when I like to highlight a simple, but very insightful observations made by psychologists: that fear and anxiety are related to future events, just like you mentioned. While sadness and depressive states are related to the past. All the best you :*Thank you for your comment! Yep, sports is also a winner. And, this is a very good observation indeed:
Thank you Abby ! :)
And I see your point (and the other psychologists' one lol), def. makes a lot of sense !
How's westworld going so far? got past episodes 4 and 5? :D
Just finished watching episode 9! Now, making tea to watch episode 10!! Owww... the dialogue between Dr. Ford and Bernard in ep. 9 is just superb!
Finally found the time to read this masterpiece :D
Do you agree with the behaviourist notion that proposes that it is not the situation per se that causes emotional responses; but rather the meaning attached to it?
Whenever you feel sad or anxious do you also resort to strategies that alleviate the symptoms of your difficult feelings?
Yes and yes. For the second question my strategies vary depending on the problem but always involve plenty of nail biting and not sharing it with anyone until I have fixed/overcome it.i am so good at hiding my problems people often ask me why I look so happy or something.
Really happy and jealous you got all this meaningful engagement :* Here have a cute Spidey:
Thank you so much :) I trully appreciate it as I cannot imagine how busy you have been. Thanks for the kind compliment :D
I find this is a "solution" most men resort to. I look forward to finding out whether it is something inherent to men's psychological processes or whether it is mainly social (you know ... 'boys don't cry!)
I know you are happy for me :) you have always encouraged me and gave me your support since the very beginning. You are very dear to me @trumpman!
Oh! As for this cutie, cutie ... I am not scared of her :D. I decided it is a she and even named her Lilly. From now on she is going to be my Steemit pet!
Lots of love to you :*
It's nice to see how Mr B. got better. When it comes to matter of the soul, it takes a lot of self effort to overcome the barriers your mind has set to yourself.
I agree with the meanining attached to a situation causes the emotional responses, but I also believe to "piling up". When certain situations or stimuli that provoke certain feelings persist and you keep from expressing those negative feelings, then it's unavoidable to burst into a more extreme reaction. It's like you're piling up reasons to feel sad and suddenly you burst into tears because you run out of hot water while in the shower.
And when sadness or anxiety take over I give myself some time to realize what I feel, try to find out what made me feel that way and rationalize and see whether there is one real cause of those feelings that I project to different situations. It's harder when I deal with anger, though. The moments that I know I should not be angry with whatever I cannot control, but I feel like I'm ready to explode. Most times surfing the net and listening to some music helps me calm down.
A great piece of work as always @abigail-dantes! :)
Yes, @ruth-girl :) it is always nice to see when someone overcomes such deep levels of mental distress (you have been the only one to acknowledge Mr. B's plight!).
Agreed. I have been there !So, Ruth ... a personal question. When you say you try to rationalize your feelings through trying to find their causes in order to move on. Do you think you spend more time ruminating on theses feelings than attempting to look forward? I am only asking because we seem to adopt similar approaches to our feelings of sadness. I do have difficulties with moving forward.
Thank you for taking part in this debate :)
Lots of love :*
Unfortunately for me, I spend too much time thinking on the negative situations. Even when I know what made me angry or sad, the event itself keeps coming back. There are some days, when let's say I feel I was wronged by someone, I might calm down for a while, but after an hour I might remember the incident and get angry again (of course less than initially). On those days what trully helps is some sleep. I had read an article (I don't remember where) that sleep works like a "reboot". In my case, it does, even a short nap.
I hope that was of help :)
Yes! It was :)
Thank you.
I am very interested in Psychology. Thank you for this post.
I'd love to answer your questions.
I agree that it is not the situation but the meaning attached to it that causes emotional responses. I am fond of reflecting about my past actions and behaviors and based on my personal experience, whenever something makes me sad, it is actually the past experiences that affects me greater than the present situation. So therefore, the meaning I associated with the present situation is what actually caused my sadness.
For your second question, I actually experienced doing both the positive and negative strategies. I used to be a very negative person and I was so fond of brooding over my negative feelings, thus, making it worse rather than better. But now, I have learned to be more positive and try to resort to strategies that alleviate difficult feelings. Although it doesn't make it go away or solve it, it somehow lessens the burden and enables me to have more strength to face the actual problem.
Hello @annepage. Thank you so much for this beautiful reply!
May I ask you a question? You said you have learnt to be more positive and have abandoned your negativity. So, could you be so kind as to share with us how you achieved that change in mindset? :)
All the best to you!
Hi @abigail-dantes. Good day! :)
To tell you honestly, it was an arduous fight against the comfort of the negative feelings pattern. I said comfort because somehow, sadness for me, had a certain sense of familiarity. We tend to get comfortable with something we've been used to, right? That's why I had unconsciously embraced sadness, simply because it's easier for me... because it's familiar.
What inspired me to change? It's the people who love me. I have a lot of friends actually (real ones). And they really care for me. They have noticed that I was no longer the cheerful person they used to know, so they tried their best to get me out of my unhealthy pattern. Seeing how they put effort to cheer me up, is what inspired me to change.
It really took a long time and so much effort to wake me up. But being with the right people, any depression could be solved. One needs to have an outer force to help him break the pattern. Right now, whenever I start to have negative feelings, I look for the people who helped me break my pattern. Sometimes, all you need is someone who really understands you. :)
Thank you so much for this opportunity to discuss with you something I am so passionate about! :)
Hi @annepage :)
I was just discussing this exactly point with someone else not long ago. There are so many cases in which depressive states could be reversed if only the person had a supportive network of loving, caring people. I, myself, believe that Mr. B would not have got to the state he did if he had his wife, children and parents with him. The feeling of rejection played a huge role in worsening his mood disorder. I am SO pleased to hear you are one of the few privileged who not only have this sort of support, but also are aware of it!
The first part of your comment reminds me very much of mindfulness, which is not a therapeutic approach per se; but, that is being increasingly adopted by therapists nowadays. It draws its philosophy from Buddhism; and, therefore, sees sadness/suffering as an inevitable, unavoidable aspect of life. According to mindfulness; those who actually fight this are the ones who end up suffering more. As for those who actually embrace it, they end up finding inner peace (You might just have given me an idea for my next post! :D).
Thanks you for presenting your experience here. It will indeed motivate and encourage others!
All the best :)
Yes, indeed. I am so blessed. And because of my gratefulness, I wish to give back by helping others too.
You're absolutely right.It reminds me of what my best friend told me at that time when I used to say "I no longer feel like myself anymore. I am no longer the cheerful person that I once was." He said, "It is still YOU. The SAD YOU; the IMPERFECT YOU. Just another SIDE OF YOU. You have to accept the reality that you can't be perfect. You have to embrace your negative side too and understand it."
It enlightened me actually to accept the reality that life has a lot of ups and downs, and I can't expect to be happy always. Only when you start to accept something, that you actually fully understand it. I hope people would come to realize all these things and also accept their negative sides.
Thank you for your responses. I got a lot of insights!
Kudos to you! :)
I'm really sorry for being so talkative but I got so excited when I realized we have a lot of common interests. I'm actually an English major and I used to teach English to foreigners. I'm also fond of writing poems. Though my favorite subject is Math, I love Psychology and I took BA English as my degree. Hahahaha.
I rarely read posts in Steemit, but thanks to you, I now have something to look forward to.
More power to you! :)
You don't have to be sorry for anything! I will most like not get to your comments straight away, but they will never be left unanswered (even if it takes thee days!). Yep, we do seem to have a lot in common and that is why I am going to follow your blog :)
Your words are TOO kind! It is great to hear you have found something to look forward too here through my blog. But look, if you are a Maths and Science lover, I believe very much you would love to join the steemstem community! Just join the steemit.chat and look for the steemstem channel! :)
Have a great evening!
Thank you so much! I'm looking forward to your posts! :)
Yes I would say the meaning people attach to difficult situations is the most important. We all have our biases which will influence every situation and therefore our mood.
CBT is great in that you acknowledge fears and then work constructively to overcome them. Acceptance is critical, fighting emotions might seem correct but is counterintuitive. Once we can fully accept our problems we can start to put them into perspective. A healthy detachment, realizing we are not the only ones with these issues, its simply how the mind works, is a positive perspective to have.
Enjoyed your case study. Middle-aged men are one, if not the top, at risk groups to commit suicide in western culture. There is a social aspect at play here as well that can't be denied. Just thinking on that can help one realize its not completely their fault. Of course its no excuse and one needs agency and control to overcome trauma.
Thank you for another great article @abigail-dantes
Thank you for this great, insightful comment @cizzo!
All the best to you :)
Highlighting psychopharmacotherapy, I will like to ask, how much of people specialises in this field? Do we have them as much as we have Doctors?
This is because if MrB gets back after 20 months to a fully functional state, what happens if Mr BB doesnt have such specialist in his /her locality? Are there online access to such specialists?
Yes, I agree to the fact that the meaning attached to situation has alot more effect.
Excelente.
Hi @turpsy :)
Psychopharmacotherapy is what the combined work of a psychologist and a psychiatrist is. The psychiatrist being the professional who prescribes the medication according to the psychologist's reports about the patient. For example, in Mr. B's case, as his compulsions gradually declined, the psychologist would report this to the psychiatrist so then he would decrease the concentration of the medication, change to another one or stop it altogether.
Very good question Turpsy. This is what CBT also tries to do, to teach the client techniques that will help him become self-sufficient. In this case study Mr. B began the treatment seeing the therapist nearly every day. Towards the end he saw him one a week. As he learn to cope with his own (now considerably less) struggles on his own.
All the best to you Turpsy. It makes truly happy seeing your comments on my posts.
Thank you for your support! :)
Deductions: A psychologist is as much of an important branch of a medical organisation like a psychiatrist.
A psychiatrist would basically not be complete without learning a little of psychology.
Thank you for this well-loaded information. I would not have been exposed to such vast of knowledge if I had not related with your post.
At the end of the treatment, CBT will guarantee a return to normalcy.
Such a tough topic to talk about. I feel pretty much like your first responder when he talks about separating actions from emotions. Really hard to do when a person is in a fight or flight mode.
One can want mental health and walk through the process several times using different modalities of treatment and yet the time may not be right for the message or action taken to heal.
Time helps, staying busy helps, helping others, when the mind gets ready to stop the replay that is when life begins to change.
I am intrigued with the new ketamine infusions being used by some doctors.
This is a great article. There just have to be more answers.🐓🐓
Thank you for always taking the time to stop by @mother2chicks!
Love :)
I think both methods (CBT / psychoanalysis) have their rights and wrongs. Of course, for many, it is the symptoms of a disorder that are painful, so relieving patients from the symptoms should be the priority of any therapeutic approach. And CBT works very well to do this, much better than pychoanalysis.
But I also can understand the argument that for a sustainable effect, you have to change not only your behavior, but also the underlying problems. Those don't necessarily have to be Freudian sexual problems, but might be a situation with your family/marriage, constant stress at work etc. etc.
I'm quite a fan of systemic therapy (does it translate to English like that?).
Hey @sco!
Thank you for your beautiful input about both CBT and Psychoanalysis. I love how you just compared and contrasted them in a concise, yet to-core-of-it way. Beautiful!
Yep it does translate to English like that :) You will then, like to follow @erh.germany's blog (in case you are not one of her followers already)! She is a systemic consultant. Her blog will blow your mind!Thank you for taking the time to comment!
All the best to you :)
Hi @abigail-dantes
A new reader here :)
Superbly presented as many have already said.
Having suffered SAD/Depression leading to many symptoms above, I'd like to focus on your second question before a little about what I did to 'break the downward spiral'.
I think if these thoughts hit your conscious mind as you were having a 'spiraling thoughts day', less people would ever report sadness. For me, the negative cycle blocked out and overwhelmed positive thoughts and action, and so many days didn't really start at all.
Through tablets (which only zombified me), counseling, and a real 'F this' moment, I quit my job and moved to a warmer climate. The winter sadness cannot get to a point where living seems pointless, before the spring is here again :)
I shall be tuning in for more of your excellent work.
Thanks
Asher
Well @abh12345, thank you for the kind compliments and your positivity! It is always uplifting hearing stories like yours. Thank you for briefly, presenting what you went through. I am convinced that real accounts like this are very inspirational and offer a lot of hope.
All the best to you. 🌷
Thank you :)
I have started and not finished posts regarding this part of history in my life and cannot decide if there is benefit or not to 'unearthing', for myself or others.
I'm sure it will bubble in my mind again at some point as now you have given a little more encouragement to for me to share with a view to this providing help and hope.
Thanks again
Asher
I don't mean to hijack your post, as it's about CBT, but you said talking psychology goes way beyond Sigmund Freud, and I really do wonder if Freud would have as much recognition as he has if it weren't for his public relations expert nephew, Edward Bernays. His nephew did a lot to promote Freud's work in the United States. Do you think Freud's work warrants his position of prominence in the field of psychology?
And to answer your penultimate question, yes, I'm totally on board with the idea that what hurts us is the meaning we attach to events in our lives.
And like trumpman, I'm very jealous of the kind of interaction you get in your comments! I wish I had half of that going on with my series on sustainability for kids!!! Oh well. 😃
:** lots of love to you :)
Please geke! Whatever king of input you have to share with us is most welcome. To be honest this observation of yours fits this whole discussion really well.
Yes, as for Edward Bernays (the genius - well, some will say the evil genius) giving Freud recognition that he may not have deserved.... Well, YES, I do think Freud deserves his prominence. He was the creator for the "talking cure", he was the one who made it acceptable that not only those deemed as "mad" are also afflicted by mental distress and above all Freud was a fine, fine theorist!
I love reading your posts !
I know (knew) 2 people who went down the CBT therapy road.
For one of them is worked brilliantly, and she started to be 'happy', - -functioning on a day to day basis,without destroying herself,(happy being a relative term to her personal circumstances - whose history was horrendous).
For the other person, it never really worked out to well for him.
Which leads me to the question?
Is this kind of therapy dependent, (more or less successful) on the personality type of the person?
(personality type ? - I hope you know what I mean - extrovert/introvert, as an example)
The only 2 references I have are very different people - in both personality, and intelligence.
Please tell me if I am asking stupid questions! - you are far more knowledgeable than I, on this subject.!
This is a positive use of practical, useful psychology, that helps people in real life.
Great post.
@lucylin!!! My gosh ... thank you so much for stopping by and taking the time to read + comment :)
Thank you :) It means a lot coming from you, because I have an idea of how critical you are.
I truly appreciate you leaving your examples; particularity because they are accounts of different outcomes. Also, I find particularly interesting the question you raised: "does the successes depend on the personality type" Yep, I do know what you mean :)
There are no stupid questions here my friend! In fact, your observation is quite an insightful one!
However, there is no straight-forward answer for it. You see, how CBT says that it is not the situation itself that gives rise to this or that emotion; but rather, the person's history, mood state and context. Underlying these factors there is also the individual's personality, and this is something that the Ancient Greeks hypothesized back in 400 BC (they were so smart! :P).
So, yeah ... in the same way people's outlook in life is partly a result of their personality type, this can be one of the determiners that can play a role in both leading them into a state of mental distress as well as out of it! But, keep in mind it would not be the sole factor!
Thank you so much, once again for commenting! I better check Reg and Dereck to have a laugh before going to bed (I had completely forgotten about them. I must apologize to them :D)
By the way, just in case you have 5 mins to spare and are interested I wrote a post about Personality a while ago.
Best.
I'm trying to read some older posts of yours( I haven't looked yet).
To read your posts - I need all my faculties fully focused.
You make my head hurt! lol (In a good way!)
The 2 I have read so far, are excellent!
Don't worry, Reg is sleeping -waiting for Gerald to get his act together...
Quite an insightful posts. The way we allow a particular situation affect us is key to the effect it will have on us. The CBT is a powerful concept in the sense that it works in stages by first reducing the aggravation before finally going down to the root cause. Thanks for your patience in organizing the past in such an illustrative manner.One of my best read here.
Well, thank you for reading and leaving such a nice, encouraging comment @kaydee :)
All the best.
I find this topic very interesting because it gives a silver lining to people suffering from depression. I have seen cases where some people have been able to overcome depression without any form of professional therapy.
A case in point was this friend of mine who couldn't get a job after graduating from the university. He spent almost three years looking for a job without success. There were times he would confide in me that he was contemplating suicide. We encouraged him to try other means like self employment, and we had to resort to prayers as well. Eventually he got a job and is living a better life now.
In his own case the depression left when the situation in his life improved.
To answer your first question, I think your situation determines your emotional response. Take my friend for example, he was able to overcome his depression when his situation improved.
Hi @leczy :)
What a beautiful story! Yes, it is also important to keep in mind there are three main important factors that can give rise to depression: biological, psychological and social. Nowadays, I believe many people go through situations that are similar to that your friend went through. Unfortunately, however, not everybody is fortunate enough to have the moral support he had from a friend like yourself - who took the time to listen to him - and all the others who offered love and affection.
I believe if Mr. B had had that, his depression (most likely) would not have gotten to the stage it did.
Thank you so much for taking the time to read and share such an uplifting story with us :)
All the best!
@abigail-dantes... isn't it so like us as humans to make things mean things, whether or not it makes sense?! I remember when I chose to embrace turbulence as a sign that the wind beneath the wings was keeping our plane in the air... this new meaning was crucial for my mental well being as with the addition of a new territory for my job, I had to now fly each week. Now turbulence just rocks me to sleep. 😴
Absolutely, good practical example here @karencarrens.
Lots of love to you my dear ❤️
This particular phrase struck me. No wonder it's been said that "we are a direct product of our thoughts".
Nice piece buddy
Thank you so much for stopping by @samminator 😊
It's an honour
I definitely agree with the notion that says meaning of a situation affects reaction.
considering few scenarios from my past that I couldn't explain my behavior in them, it was all attached emotionally for me to sad/angry feelings.
Even happy moment, now thinking of it, were feeling happier when I had strong emotions in the matter, when much more then just happiness were attached.
I am not sure whether there is someone out there who would diseagree with this notion nowadays @noogler. This is something that could help us to rationalize things through. But, then again, it is easier said than done!
Thank you for reading and commenting :)
Best
I think trying to remember that should be a part of my working on self, hope I'll manage to do that!
And I'm happy to find you here, following you will add much interesting matters to my feed!
Thank you :)
if a person is not psychoanalysed then how can one know what was triggering negativity? and every person has his different kind of sadness which triggers negativity.
please keep article in layman terms and a bit short. hope you will not be offended 😊
Hello @kay-khosa :)
How can I be offended by constructive criticism? :D
I appreciate very much that you take the time to read, comment and on top of that leave a little tip for me to improve my work.
All the best :)
Great post @abigail-dantes, and thanks for the Reflection portion.
CBT is really a great technique. It's helped me pull myself out of several vortices I've found myself spinning into.
Do you agree with the behaviourist notion that proposes that it is not the situation per se that causes emotional responses; but rather the meaning attached to it?
100% Yes. We're all a web of algorithms. Free will is...well, we'll save that for further discussion. ;)
Whenever you feel sad or anxious do you also resort to strategies that alleviate the symptoms of your difficult feelings?
Yes, eventually. Sometimes, I'll write out my feelings which helps me later to think about the root of the symptoms
Hey @natashamott :)
Thank you for taking the time to participate in the reflection. I am now curious to see what you have to talk to us about free will! Yes, writing down our our difficult feelings and frustrations can indeed be a good form self-evaluation :) Well, Freud himself did that!
Welcome to Steemit Natasha and all the best to you :)
I am not a psychologist or even anything remotely close to that, but I can attest to the above being so right as I have witnessed a lot of people with similar behavioural tendencies.
This is an interesting event indeed @greenrun, I believe that the emotional state does not even have to go as severe as depression, even in a sad mental state this seems to be the case. I do look foward to seeing research that explores this further.
Thank you for the input!
Hello! It is incredible to see how this type of psychological disorders can be aggravated if they are not treated on time, not only with a trained professional, but with the corresponding psychological therapy, good contribution, you have earned a follower and thank you very much for your support, regards !
Hello @javisem :D
Thank you very much for your support! I appreciate it immensely :)
Best.
You're welcome! I am a humble plankton giving my small contribution :).
we continue reading, greetings!
I loved your publication, I can add that a fundamental element is to dissolve the beliefs that the patient has about the reality that leads to depression, once those beliefs are dissolved their barrier to learn a new behavior will subside, and therapy will work, regards,
Absolutely! :)
Thank you for stopping by @manuel97
So many people have issues with depression and don't even realize it.
I think it is because of the social stigma as well!
thanks for commenting @barabbas :)
i'v learned so much from your post :) thank you
@benainouna, you are SO kind.
I really appreciate you taking the time to comment here
Thank you :)
In many cases when people talk to them about psychology or psychology they think they are crazy, because they are totally wrong because the help provided by this study is great, helping people who lost their desire to live or the motivation is without a doubt some a great contribution
Yes @jesus1507, this is an interesting point you raise here. There is indeed this misconception about psychology! But, this will hopefully change in the future :)
Great Post and insight to therapy avaliable for depression . excellent article thank you a very enjoyable read.
Thank you very much for stopping by @williamsbg!
Worth it to read... Thank you for sharing @abigail-dantes
Thank you for stopping by @shiella30 :)
I really enjoyed this article, great job!
Thank you @agelinapie :)
I love your post and i promise you that i will be reading all your post
Thank you @nicki.minaj :)
i study Psychology in my university so am like very happy .....i follow and up-vote u every-time because of your powerful post .......i only got one post on my blog and i will like you to view it plzzzzzzzzzzzzz
Hey @idyysaviour. a psychology student! :)
There are so many here.
I will be very busy over the next few day, but I will check your blog sooner than later.
thank you for stopping by :)
Amazing article. People don't realize that health is not just physical state but mental also :) As a doctor I really appreciate what you are doing :)
Thank you for the kind words @doctorcro.
All the best to you :)
Some days I laugh out at myself for being too melodramatic when life could be simpler and happier if "I'm not way too focused on myself that I forgot there's a bigger universe out there who doesn't give a damn if I'm emoting too much of my emotions" and instead redirect myself on people and stuffs who badly needs attention and love. Sometimes I forget it's not really good to seek too much attention. Sometimes, it just really feels good to be invisible and unfeeling. Sometimes, it just really feels good when I could heal myself properly without being so self-centered.
I think that cbt is more effective than psychotherapy in treating mental disorders. Because it aims to correct dysfunctional mental processes in fixing inappropriate social behavior.
I am still checking and enjoying your blog (I am new to Steemit, so I am catching up) and I couldn't resist commenting on this post, although it's an old one :) Psychoanalysis and CBT - this is an endless battle between these two, each of them repelled by the other :D I relate to this post because my final paper in my Bachelor degree was on comparative analysis between CBT and Psychoanalysis (wow, sounds so boring :D). However, it took me 150 pages to make my point and you did in a single post :D Cheers!
I doubt that very much!! 😂 😂
The only source of knowledge is experience.
- Albert Einstein
abigail-dantes!! Thank you, your "[Depression through the lens of CBT & the case study of Mr. B.]"
thank you @iamgun
Nice poste
Is up
Thanks!
interesting post..sign to achieve in all parts of your post. this can add my insights and other steemit users ...
I like ..
thank you for posting.
Spam is discouraged by the community, including comment spam.
Comment spam is currently defined by @steemcleaners as:
10 or more generic comments per day that are not in response to a question posed by the post or comment. “Thanks”, “Great Post!”, “Nice”, “Follow me”, etc
Your Reputation Could be a Tasty Snack with the Wrong Comment!
Thank You!